Antimicrobials—including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics—are medicines used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe …
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The worldwide outbreak of the severe and acute respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 is currently the focal point of discussion due to the suffering this syndrome is causing to humanity. However, the ophthalmological implications of this syndrome have not yet been well described. Both eyes …
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Kate O’Brien, the WHO’s director of immunization, vaccines, and biologicals has agreed with Sir John Bell of Oxford University’s statement that more data will be needed from trials of Oxford and AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine to determine its safety and efficacy, commenting, “From what we understand about the press release, there …
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Trump Alleges CDC of Inflating COVID Deaths in USA President Donald Trump, in a January 3 tweet, accused the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of inflating the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA because of its “ridiculous method of determination compared to other countries.” The …
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In the case of a viral infection, the body’s first protective action is a non-specific innate response, where macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells slow the progress of the pathogen and may even prevent any symptoms from occurring. The next protective action is an adaptive response (cellular immunity), with the body …
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Once upon a time, getting a blood transfusion was a highly a risky affair, because some people receiving donated blood were apt to get chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation) from an unknown, mysterious disease. And, although the Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B viruses were discovered by the mid-1960s, in 1972, Prof. …
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COVID-19 is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has wreaked havoc on countries, economies, and communities globally. The pandemic has resulted in governments, international and national non-government organizations, and intergovernmental organizations joining hands in solidarity to fight the spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been at the …
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H1N1—also known as Swine Flu An influenza pandemic is described as an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the human population. On June 11, 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a global pandemic by …
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What is it? The dictionary meaning of the word convalescence is recovery. A patient who recovers from a given disease and develops high titres of antibodies can become a donor of such antibodies after his/her recovery. The extra vascular component of these antibodies is difficult to collect, but the intravascular …
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Maurice Ralph Hilleman, microbiologist Philadelphia, United States (b Miles City, Montana, August 30, 1919), died from cancer on April 11, 2005. Robert Gallo, co-discoverer of HIV (the virus causing AIDS) has described him as “the most successful vaccinologist in history”, and he is credited with saving more lives than any …
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