Medicosnext
Dr Saroj Poudel is one of the young and enthusiastic dermatologist and hair transplant surgeons in Nepal. He is currently Director and Co-Founder of Nirvana Skin Clinic and Hair Transplant Centre. He completed his MBBS from BPKIHS (B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan) and MD in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, New Delhi). After completing his one year Fellowship training in Hair Transplantation and Trichology from Delhi, India, he worked as Consultant Dermatologist and Hair Transplant Surgeon at Arogin Health Care, Kathmandu; Grand Skin Care, Kathmandu; and Mediplus Hospital, Pokhara. He has undergone various national and international training on hair transplant, laser therapy and dermatosurgery.
Many people believe skin care is only about cosmetics, not health. From a dermatologist’s perspective, why should people take good care of skin in the summer?
Absolutely. While having a skincare routine may seem like just a cosmetic necessity, but in reality, it is an important part of maintaining your skin’s health. As the largest organ in your body, your skin is a protective barrier that continuously replenishes itself. It not only regulates your temperature, but it also shields you from disease, infection, the sun and other atmospheric elements. Keeping your skin healthy and glowing is always a priority, but it’s even more critical during summer. Proper skin care practices such as regular cleansing, using sunscreens, staying hydrated and protecting skin from excessive sun exposure help maintain skin barrier. So, it’s essential that you up your skincare game right away to stay away from unwanted summer skin issues.
Sun exposure increases dramatically during summer. What actually happens to our skin when it is exposed to intense sunlight for prolonged periods?
When your skin is exposed to the harmful UV rays, melanin production increases in order to protect your skin from sun damage. Melanin has photoprotective qualities, however excess melanin results in darker, tanned skin. Over time, repeated exposure breaks down collagen and elastin fibres in the skin, resulting in photoaging and damage the DNA of skin cells further increasing the long-term risk of skin cancer.
As the weather gets warmer and humidity increases in the environment, your skin’s sebaceous glands start producing excess sebum (natural oil). Due to sweat and some environmental factors, the natural oil gets stuck on the skin’s surface resulting in clogged pores and ultimately leading to acne breakouts, dullness, and uneven skin texture. Longer days in the sun can dehydrate your skin and is more prone to irritation and sensitivity. Heat can exacerbate conditions like rosacea and trigger heat rash.
Sunscreens are widely used but often misunderstood. In your experience, what are the most common mistakes people make when using sunscreen?
The biggest trouble people get into with sunscreen is not using enough and missing spots. The amount really makes the difference. You should be covering every part of your body exposed to the sun with sunscreen. Most people only apply 25-50% of the recommended amount of sunscreen. When applying sunscreen to your face, use at least 1 teaspoon. I would always advise sticking to the two-finger rule (about the amount needed to cover the length of your index and middle fingers) for the face.
Sunscreen doesn’t protect all day. Apply the sunscreen 15-30 minutes before going outdoors, and reapply every two hours even if you’re wearing a high SPF sunscreen. Developing a habit of daily sunscreen use is far more effective than using sunscreen only when it’s sunny outside or when you’re expecting sun exposure. The sun’s UV rays can still cause skin damage or burns even on a cloudy day. So, make applying sunscreen each morning a habit, just like brushing your teeth. There are a variety of sunscreens on the market. To effectively protect yourself from the sun, look for sunscreens that are broad-spectrum, water-resistant, and have an SPF of 30 or higher.
Many people think darker skin does not require sun protection. Is that a myth?
There’s a common colloquial phrase, ‘black don’t crack’, meaning your skin will always be good. You won’t get wrinkles and you don’t need sunscreen if you have melanin-rich skin. The truth is that anyone can get skin damage. While people with darker skin may have a lower skin cancer risk, the sun’s harmful rays can cause damage to all skin types and colors.
Melanin is the substance in the body that gives your skin their color. Melanin helps protect against skin damage by absorbing the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. People who have darker skin have more melanin. This is why they are less likely to get a sunburn than people with lighter skin. But melanin cannot absorb all UV rays, and even people with higher amounts of melanin can get skin damage and are still susceptible to sunburn, photoaging and at risk of skin cancer. For people with lighter skin tones, sunburned skin is usually red, sore, and swollen. In people with darker skin tones, sunburned skin might not change colour but will often feel irritated, itchy, tender and sore.
Summer in Nepal can be particularly harsh on the skin and hair. What are the most common skin and hair problems you begin seeing in your clinic as temperatures start rising?
As temperatures rise in Nepal, we commonly face acne flare-ups, sunburn, pigmentation disorders, heat rash, fungal infections, dandruff and scalp irritation. Most of these conditions are closely linked to heat, sweating, humidity and increased sun exposure during summer.
One of the most common issues is worsening of Acne vulgaris, when sweat mixes with bacteria and oils on your skin. It can clog your pores leading to acne break outs. Being out in the sun can trigger melasma making those brown to gray-brown patches on your face more noticeable. Children are more affected by Prickly heat (or Heat rash or Miliaria rubra) because of blocked sweat glands. As sweating decreases or halts building up under the skin causes a rash and tiny, itchy bump. Wearing closed shoes all day, damp socks or tight underwear are key risk factors for developing fungal skin infection, mainly Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) and Jock itch (Tinea cruris). Certain individuals develop Polymorphic Light Eruption, a sun-induced allergic reaction that causes itchy red rashes on sun-exposed areas like the arms, neck and face. For the hair and scalp, we often see an increase in dandruff and Seborrheic dermatitis due to sweat, oil build up and microbial growth on the scalp. Some people also complain of increased hair fall, scalp itching or irritation during hot weather.
Acne seems more problematic in the summer. What simple daily habits can help prevent breakouts during this season?
The biggest factors that can aggravate acne breakouts in the summer are heat and sun-induced sweating, increased oil (sebum) production, clogged pores, comedones and sensitivity. Acne can also be caused by the use of sunscreen and makeup.
While sunscreen is essential, some formulas (especially thick, oily types) can block pores if not properly removed. If you have acne-prone skin, choose a mineral sunscreen or one labeled as oil-free and non-comedogenic. Ironically, some people wash their face too aggressively to combat oil, which strips natural moisture and triggers more oil production. Make sure to use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser that removes sweat, dirt and oil without over-drying your skin. It might sound a little backwards, but oily skin still needs moisture. When your skin is dehydrated, it actually tries to compensate by producing more oil. The trick is to choose the right moisturizer. Look for formulas that are oil-free, non-comedogenic and gel-based moisturizers.
It might seem like a small thing, but touching your face throughout the day transfers dirt, oil, and bacteria from your hands to your skin. Don’t pick or squeeze as it can lead to scarring, infection, and longer healing times. As soon as you can after your exercise or outdoor activities, you should take a shower. Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothes made from natural fabrics like cotton. Stay hydrated, drinking plenty of water helps cool down the body and flush out toxins that can contribute to acne. Adequate sleep and stress control are also important, as hormonal fluctuations related to stress can worsen acne.
Fungal infections are quite common in hot and humid climates. What preventive measures should people adopt to avoid these infections?
Summer is not just about fun in the sun, it comes with an uninvited guest: fungal infections. Fungi just love warm and humid environments. The warm and moist conditions provide an ideal breeding ground for fungi, leading to common conditions like athlete’s foot, ringworm and yeast infections. Even if you prefer staying indoors, neglecting personal hygiene and the inevitable sweat can contribute to fungal troubles. Change out of sweaty clothes and take quick showers. Your skin will appreciate it. Choose breathable fabrics like cotton or linen that let air flow and reduce sweat. Tight jeans might need to wait for cooler days. Use open-toe footwear or shoes with ventilation. Wear clean cotton socks daily and loose, absorbent underwear for prevention. Don’t share personal stuffs like towels, socks or shoes. If you use public showers or pools, be careful. These places can be hotspots for fungi. Make sure they’re clean before you dive in.
Summer heat, sweat, and dust can also affect the scalp. What changes occur in the scalp during summer that people should be aware of?
Prolonged exposure to heat, humidity and pollution can leave your hair dry, frizzy, brittle and prone to breakage as summer heat strips away natural oils from your scalp. Pollution and UV radiation also contribute to dullness and discolouration, weakening your hair from the roots by increasing oxidative stress on the roots of your hair. A humid climate can lead to sweat build-up that causes bacteria to be trapped on your scalp and in between hair strands. And bacteria accumulation in the scalp causes pores to get clogged. And this might answer your question of “why does sweat irritate my scalp?” leading to folliculitis. Warm and humid condition during summer favours the growth of fungi such as Malassezia, which is commonly associated with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Increased heat exposure can cause your scalp to produce more oil. This then causes an oily scalp and your hair follicles are weakened. So, excessive oil production on your scalp can lead to dandruff and increase the chances of hair loss.
Many people complain of increased hair fall during summer. Is this seasonal hair shedding real, or is it mostly perception?
Increased hair fall during summer is typically attributed to hormonal changes, shifts in the hair growth cycle and environmental factors. Higher temperatures and increased humidity can push more hair follicles into the shedding phase during summer, causing noticeable hair fall. Reduced melatonin production due to increased sun exposure, higher humidity leading to oily scalp, dandruff and increased sweat production causing clogged hair follicles are the reasons for hair fall during summer. So, if you’ve noticed more strands falling out during this season, it’s not your imagination.
What are the best practices for keeping the scalp healthy during hot months?
One of the most effective summer hair care strategies is choosing products that match your scalp’s needs. During hot months, sweat and dirt accumulate quickly, which means your shampoo and conditioner must cleanse gently without stripping away essential oils. People with dandruff or an oily scalp may benefit from anti-dandruff or antifungal shampoos, while those with dry scalp should use mild moisturizing shampoos to avoid further dryness. Also, avoid heavy, chemical-laden formulas that can irritate the scalp.
Using heavy styling products in high temperatures can weaken the follicles when coming in contact with heat. This can lead to hair becoming thinner and more brittle. Flat irons, curling wands, and blow dryers may seem like your hair’s best friends, but in the summer, they can be silent enemies. Instead of using the hot blow dryers, let your hair dry out naturally. Wearing headgear such as helmets or tight hats for long hours can lead to dandruff, fungal infections due to creating an environment unsuitable for hair health. Prolonged exposure to the sun can burn your scalp, dry out hair shafts and fade natural or artificial hair colour. Cover your head when stepping outdoors. Use a lightweight scarf, wide-brimmed hat to block out the sun. To get relief from the scorching heat, most of us like to cool down by swimming. After enjoying a refreshing swim in the pool or sea, make sure to rinse your hair thoroughly with fresh water, then use a cleansing shampoo because of exposure of chlorine in swimming pools.
Does frequent washing damage hair, or is it actually necessary during summer?
Most people do not need to wash their hair every day, and it can be detrimental. Frequent washing, particularly with sulfate-containing shampoos can remove the natural oils that protect your scalp and hair shaft. This may lead to dryness, brittle strands and even increased hair breakage. For most people, washing their hair every 2-3 days is enough to keep it clean and healthy. Also, using a light conditioner on the mid-lengths of hair helps maintain moisture and prevents dryness caused by sun and heat exposure. However, if you’re frequently swimming in chlorinated pools or seawater, you’ll need to be washing your hair more often to remove damaging chemicals. And if you have an oily scalp or you’re exercising outdoors and your hair gets sweaty, you may need to wash it more frequently. Sulfate-free shampoos contain softer surfactants that clean your hair without the harsh stripping effects of sulfates. They are a preferable option for people with sensitive skin or who wish to keep moisture in their hair.
Is summer a suitable season for undergoing a hair transplant, or is it better to plan such procedures during cooler months?
Yes, hair transplants can be performed in summer. With modern techniques and proper aftercare, the procedure can be successful regardless of the season. There are several benefits to undergoing a hair transplant during the summer as it provides convenient timing with vacation periods making time for recovery. Humid air in summer can help prevent the scalp from drying out, keeping the newly transplanted hair follicles moist. However, factors such as heat, humidity and sunlight can affect the healing process, making careful planning and adherence to expert advice crucial for optimal results.
For individuals who have undergone hair transplant procedures, are there specific precautions they should take during the summer months?
To ensure a successful recovery, those undergoing a hair transplant in summer should follow some precautions. The scalp must be protected from direct sunlight for at least 4-6 weeks post-surgery. Wide-brimmed hats or UV-protective headwear are effective solutions. Avoid hot environments and intense physical activities to reduce sweating. Wearing lightweight clothing and staying in cool environments can help. Excessive sweating in the first few weeks’ post-surgery can increase infection risk. Keeping the scalp clean is critical after a hair transplant. Use shampoos and lotions recommended by your specialist and avoid rubbing the scalp. Seawater and pool water, containing salt or chlorine can damage newly transplanted follicles. Refrain from swimming for at least 4-6 weeks post-surgery.
How important are diet and hydration in maintaining healthy skin and hair during summer?
Maintaining healthy skin goes beyond just using the right skincare products, it is deeply influenced by what you eat and how well you stay hydrated. Eat a balanced diet and incorporate a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats into your diet to ensure you’re getting all the essential nutrients for your skin. Stay hydrated and aim to drink at least eight glasses of water a day. Limit processed foods and high-sugar diets as they can lead to inflammation and breakouts. Opt for whole, unprocessed foods whenever possible. Avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine as they can dehydrate your skin. If you do consume them, make sure to increase your water intake to compensate. Include hydrating foods with high water content, such as watermelon, cucumbers and oranges can contribute to your overall hydration levels. Along with staying hydrated, your diet should include hair-friendly nutrients like: Biotin (for hair growth), Omega-3 fatty acids (to nourish the scalp), Zinc and Iron (to prevent hair fall). Leafy greens, eggs, nuts, seeds and fish are excellent additions to your summer menu.
Finally, what are the three most important things everyone should remember to protect their skin and hair this summer?
If people remember just a few simple principles during summer, they can prevent many common skin and hair problems. The first one is protecting yourself from the sun. Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure is one of the biggest threats to skin health during summer. Regular use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher), wearing hats or protective clothing and avoiding intense midday sun can help prevent sunburn, pigmentation, premature aging and long-term skin damage. The second step is keeping skin and scalp clean. Heat, sweat, oil and dust accumulate more during hot weather. Regular cleansing of the skin and scalp helps remove sweat and impurities, preventing acne, rashes, dandruff, and scalp irritation. Gentle skincare products and appropriate hair washing help maintain the natural balance of the skin and scalp. Lastly, proper hydration and nutrition are essential for healthy skin and hair. Drinking enough water and eating foods rich in proteins, vitamins, antioxidants and healthy fats support skin repair, maintain moisture, and promote strong hair growth.
In short, sun protection, proper hygiene and good hydration with balanced nutrition are the three key habits that can go a long way in keeping both skin and hair healthy throughout the summer.
