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PREFACE Pain has a myriad of concepts, and no one really welcomes pain and always tries to dispose of it as soon as possible. This is understandable, as pain is unpleasant and irksome, but the unpleasantness of pain is what it makes it so effective and an essential part of …

The hand is the cutting edge of the mind – Jacob Bronowski From mind to hand and seamlessly to our fingers, we can execute an array of complex tasks without even thinking about them. Even now, as you read this article, complicated hand movements were executed to be able to …

Kidney is the major retroperitoneal organ in the body. The function of kidney involves mainly filtration and excretion to get rid of metabolic waste, reabsorption or secretion of substances, and acid-base, electrolyte, and fluid balance. In addition, kidney also regulates endocrine functions, such as synthesis of vitamin D and erythropoietin, …

Every time I fell ill when I was a child, my aunt fed me only boiled parwal, toast, and milk. That was her standard diet for the sick and the convalescent. It must have worked, since I always recuperated quickly. And, being a firm believer in wisdom of the ages, …

Humans have gained immensely from the advancement of science and technology, and now they even have the power to control their fertility. Both the eggs and sperm can be frozen and used when needed. Eggs freezing is a new way of delaying a woman’s pregnancy, it allows a woman to …

Colorectal cancer is cancer that affects the large intestine and the rectum. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are often grouped together, because they are related diseases with many of the same characteristics.The most common type is adenocarcinoma. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world (after lung …

Among the broad arena of rheumatic diseases, ankylosing spondylitis is one of the forms of inflammatory arthritis characteristically affecting the spine and sacroiliac joint (located at the base of the back, where sacrum, i.e. bone directly above the tail bone, meets iliac bones either side of the upper buttocks). Inflammation …

Vitiligo, an acquired depigmenting disorder, affects up to two percent of the general population. It is beyond a mere cosmetic problem, associated with social stigma and lowered self-esteem. Conventionally, vitiligo has been treated with medicines, surgery, and phototherapy. Topical treatment with corticosteroid and calcineurin inhibitors were the mainstay for treating …

I am not sure who will read this article. If doctors read it, informations may seem very superficial. At the same time, it may feel hard to understand by non-medicos. So, I will try to make it useful for both groups. Prostate is a male sexual organ that lies just …

Although much progress has been seen in the treatment of heart and circulatory diseases, it is estimated that over 18 million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. This is further compounded by the record levels of risk factors like diabetes and obesity, and by 2030, the World Health …